英语四级的阅读部分需要考生拥有迅速理解和剖析的能力，强化阅读练习将为考试成功奠定基础。记者整理了2025年6月英语四级阅读理解甄选训练（5），期望可以为大伙带来帮助。
2025年6月英语四级阅读理解甄选训练（5）
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.
You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Robot Management
A. Robots have been the stuff of science fiction for so long that it is surprisingly hard to see them as the stuff of management fact. A Czech playwright, Karel Capek, gave them their name in 1920 . An American writer, Isaac Asimov, confronted them with their most memorable dilemmas.
Hollywood turned them into superheroes and supervillains. When some film critics drew up lists of Hollywoods 50 greatest good guys and 50 greatest baddies, the only character to appear on both lists was a robot, the Terminator.
B. It is time for management thinkers to catch up with science-fiction writers. Robots have been doing auxiliary jobs on production lines since the 1960s. The world already has more than lm industrial robots. There is now an acceleration in the rates at which they are becoming both cleverer and cheaper: an explosive combination.
Robots are learning to interact with the world around them. Their ability to see things is getting ever closer to that of humans, as is their capacity to ingest information and act on it. Tomorrows robots will increasingly take on delicate, complex tasks. And instead of being imprisoned in cages to sTOP them colliding with people, they will be free to wander.
C. Americas armed forces have blazed a trail here. They now have no fewer than 12,000 robots serving in their ranks. Peter Singer, of the Brookings Institution, a think-tank , says mankinds 5,000-year monopoly on the fighting of war is breaking down. Recent additions to the battlefield include tiny "insects" that perform reconnaissance missions and giant "dogs" to terrify enemies. The Pentagon is also working on the EATR, a robot that fuels itself by eating whatever biomass it finds around it.
D. But the civilian world cannot be far behind. Who better to clean sewers or suck up nuclear waste than these remarkable machines? The Japanese have made surprisingly little use of robots to clear up after the recent earthquake, given their world leadership in this area. They say that they had the wrong sort of robots in the wrong places. But they have issued a global call for robotic assistance and are likely to put more robots to work shortly.
E. As robots advance into the service industries they are starting to look less like machines and more like living creatures. The Paro is shaped like a baby seal and responds to attention. Hondas robot, ASIMO, is humanoid and can walk, talk and respond to commands.
F.Until now executives have largely ignored robots, regarding them as an engineering rather than a management problem. This cannot go on: robots are becoming too powerful and ubiquitous . Companies may need to rethink their strategies as they gain access to these new sorts of workers. Do they really need to outsource production to China, for example, when they have clever machines that work ceaselessly without pay? They certainly need to rethink their human-resources policies--starting by questioning whether they should have departments devoted to purely human resources.
G.The first issue is how to manage the robots themselves. Asimov laid down the basic rule in 1942: no robot should harm a human. This rule has been reinforced by recent technological improvements: robots are now much more sensitive to their surroundings and can be instructed to avoid hitting people. But the Pentagons plans make all this a bit more complicated: many of its robots will be, in essence, killing machines.
H. A second question is how to manage the homo side of homo-robo relations. Workers have always worried that new technologies will take away their livelihoods, ever since the original Luddites fears about mechanised looms. That worry takes on a particularly intense form when the machines come with a human face: Capeks play that gave robots their name depicted a world in which they initially brought lots of benefits but eventually led to mass unemployment and discontent. Now, the arrival of increasingly humanoid automatons in workplaces, in an era of high unemployment, is bound to provoke a reaction.
I.So, companies will need to work hard to persuade workers that robots are productivity-enhancers, not just job- eating aliens. They need to show employees that the robot sitting alongside them can be more of a helpmate than a threat. Audi has been particularly successful in introducing industrial robots because the carmaker asked workers to identify areas where robots could improve performance and then gave those workers jobs overseeing the robots. Employers also need to explain that robots can help preserve manufacturing jobs in the rich world: one reason why Germany has lost fewer such jobs than Britain is that it has five times as many robots for every 10,000 workers.
J.These two principles--dont let robots hurt or frighten people--are relatively simple. Robot scientists are tackling more complicated problems as robots become more sophisticated. They are keen to avoid hierarchies among rescue-robots . So they are using game theory to make sure the robots can communicate with each other in egalitarian ways. They are keen to avoid duplication between robots and their human handlers. So they are producing more complicated mathematical formulae in order that robots can constantly adjust themselves to human intentions.
This suggests that the world could be on the verge of a great management revolution: making robots behave like humans rather than the 20th centurys preferred option, making humans behave like robots.
46. Tomorrows robots will be free to move around rather than being locked up in cages so as not to hurt people.
47. It is not easy for people to regard robots as management stuff, for the later are mostly seen in science fictions.
48. Robots appear more like living creatures as they enter into the service industry.
49. According to the Pentagons plans, many of its robots will essentially become killing machines.
50. The Japanese didnt use a lot of robots to clear up after the recent earthquake, considering their world leadership in the robot field.
51. Companies should show their workers that robots can be more of a helper rather than a threat to them.
52. The fact that more and more human-like robots are used in workplaces will surely arouse reaction in a time of high unemployment.
53. Robots, who are considered as an engineering instead of a management problem, have been largely neglected by executives.
54. Scientists are trying to enable robots to constantly adjust themselves to peoples intenlions.
55. The example that Germany has lost fewer manufacturing jobs than Britain shows that robots can help preserve manufacturing jobs in the rich world.
管理机器人
A.[47]很长时间以来。机器人都被觉得是科幻小说里的东西，因此大家非常难将它们视为管理的对象。捷克剧作家KarelCapek于1920年将它们命名为“机器人”。在美国作家Isaac Asimov的笔下，机器人面对了令它们最为难忘的抉择。好莱坞把机器人变成了超级英雄和超级恶魔。
在由电影评论家总结出的好莱坞50个好角色和50个最坏角色的名单上，唯1一个同时登上两份榜单的角色就是一个机器人——终结者。
B.目前到了管理思想家跟上科幻小说作家节奏的时候了。自20世纪60年代起机器人就在生产线上做一些辅助工作了。世界上已有超越100万的工业机器人。目前机器人变得更聪明、更便宜的速度在不断加快，这两者真的是一种爆炸性的结合。机器人正在学着与周围的世界互动。它们看东西的能力正在变得愈加接近人类，它们获得信息及做出相应反应的能力也在接近人类。将来，机器人将可以从事愈加多精细而复杂的工作。[46]机器人将不会再被关起来以预防它们与大家发生冲突，而是可以自由移动。
C.美国军队已经在这方面发展了一条道路。他们目前有不少于l2000个机器人正在服役。智囊团布鲁金斯掌握的PeterSinger说，5000年来只有人类参与战争的局面正在被打破。近来被增派到战场的机器人包含实行侦察任务的小“昆虫”和恫吓敌人的大“狗”。五角大楼还在研发一种强动力自动战术机器人，它们可以通过吞食其周围的生物量来补给我们的能量。
D.但机器人在民用方面也没落后太远。有哪个能比这类神奇的设施更适于清洗下水道或清理核废料呢?[50]日本人在最近的一次震后清理中所用的机器人数目惊人地少，即便他们在这一范围处于世界领先地位。他们说他们在错误的地址选择了错误的机器人类别。但他们已经率先在全球范围内呼吁寻求机器人的援助.而且好像立刻就会投入更多的机器人进行作业。
E.[48]当机器人进入到服务产业时，它们开始变得不像机器，而更像生物了。日本产业技术研究院是一所研发机构，它们制作的机器人Paro形似一只小海豹，并能对命令做出回话。本田公司研制的机器人ASIM0具备不少人类的特点，它可以走路、说话与回话命令。
F.[53]到了现在，管理职员一直在非常大程度上忽略了机器人，把它们当做工程问题而不是管理问题。这种现象不可以再继续下去了：机器人正变得功能强大且无处不在。伴随企业可以用机器人这种新型职员，它们可能需要重新考虑自己的人力资源策略了。比如，在拥有不计报酬、可以持续工作的智能机器的状况下，它们是不是真的需要把商品外包给中国加工?它们势必要重新考虑它们的人力资源政策——就从质疑是不是应该有一个纯粹管理人力资源的部门开始。
G.第1个问题是怎么样管理机器人本身。Asimov在1942年确立了基本原则：机器人不可以伤害人类。这一原则已经通过近年来的技术改良得以加大：目前的机器人对于它们周围的事物愈加敏锐，还可以遵照指示防止袭击人类。[49]但五角大楼的计划使得这所有变堡更为复杂：从本质上来讲，它们所制造的机器人有不少将成为杀人机器。
H.第二个问题是怎么样处置人与机器人的关系中人类这一方的问题。从刚开始的科技反对者恐惧机械织布机开始，劳动者们一直担忧新技术会抢走他们的饭碗。当机器以人类的面孔出现时，那种担心变得尤为强烈：capek那部给机器人起名的戏剧中描绘了如此一个世界：起初，机器人带来了不少好处，最后，它们却致使了很多的失业和不满。[52]在目前如此一个高失业率的年代，工作场合愈加多地用类人机器人势必会激起反对。
I.所以，企业需要努力使工人相信机器人能够帮助提升产量，而不仅仅是吞噬职位的外来者。[51]它们需要展示给职员们看：坐在他们身边的机器人更多的是他们的助手，而不是威胁。奥迪在引进工业机器人方面一直做得特别成功，由于这家汽车制造商让职员去发现那些机器人可以改进工作的范围，然后将监管那些机器人的职位提供给职员。[55]企业还需要说明，机器人能够帮助保留富有国家的生产职位：德国之所以没象英国一样丧失这样之多的生产职位，缘由之一就是，在德国，每一万名工人所对应的机器人数目是英国的5倍。
J.这两条原则，即不要让机器人伤害或吓到人类，是相对简单的。伴随机器人变得日益复杂，机器人科学家们正着手处置更复杂的问题。他们尽可能不在救援机器人中分出三六九等。所以他们借助游戏理论来确保机器人能以平等的方法互相交流。他们尽力防止机器人与它们的人类操作者有哪些用途重叠。[54]因此他们正在计算更多复杂的数学公式以使机器人可以根据人类的意愿不断地进行自我调节。这表明世界马上发生一次重大的管理变革：让机器人的行为更像人类，而不是像20世纪所倾向的那样，使人类的行为日益向机器人靠拢。
46.B
分析：题干意为，将来的机器人将可以自由活动，而不是被关起来以预防伤害人类。注意抓住题干中的重点信息tomorrow’s robots、free to move around和hurt people。文中论及机器人将来发展势头的内容出 目前B段，该段末句提到，机器人将不会再被关起来以预防发生人机之间的冲突，它们将可以自由移动。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为B。
47.A
分析：题于意为，大家非常难想象机器人是可以被管理的事物，由于它们一直都是出目前科幻小说中。注意抓住题干中的重点信息not easy、management stuff和science fictions。文中A段首句提到，很长时间以来，机器人都被觉得是科幻小说里的东西，因此大家非常难想象它们可以被管理。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为A。
48.E
分析：题干意为，当机器人进入服务产业时，它们总是看着更像生物。注意抓住题干中的重点信息more like living creatures和enter into the service industry。文中论及机器人在服务业中表现的内容出目前E段，该段首句提到，伴随机器人进入到服务产业，它们开始变得不那样像机器，而更像生物了。下面的第二句和第三句用两个例子来证明这一看法。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为E。
49.G
分析：题干意为，依据五角大楼的计划，它们所制造的不少机器人在本质上都会成为杀人机器。注意抓住题干中的重点信息Pentagon’s plans、many of its robots和killing machines。文中G段论述了与五角大楼的计划有关的内容，该段提到了机器人管理的基本原则，即机器人不可以伤害人类，该段末句提到，但五角大楼的计划使得这所有变得更为复杂：从本质上来讲，它们所制造的机器人有不少将成为杀人机器。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为G。
50.D
分析：题干意为，鉴于其在机器人范围的世界领先地位，日本在最近的一次地震后并没很多用机器人来完成清理工作。注意抓住题千中的重点信息Japanese、clear up after the recent earthquake和world leadershipinthe robotfield。文中论及日本用清洗机器人的内容出目前D段，该段第三句提到，日本人在最近的一次震后清理中所用的机器人数目惊人地少，即便他们在这一范围一直处于世界领先地位。这样来看，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为D。
51.I
分析：题干意为，企业应该向职员们展示，机器人对他们来讲，更多的是起到助手有哪些用途，而不是威胁。注意抓住题干中的重点信息Companies、workers和a helper ratherthan athreat。文中论及企业、职员和机器人关系的内容出目前1段，该段第二句提到，它们需要展示给职员们看：坐在他们身边的机器人更多的是他们的助手，而不是威胁。这样来看，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为I。
52.H
分析：题干意为，在现在如此一个高失业率的年代，愈加多的类人机器人被用于工作场合的事实势必会引起一些反对。注意抓住题干中的重点信息human.1ike robots are used in workplaces和arouse reactionin atimeofhigh unemployment。文中论及高失业率与机器人在工作场合的用法的内容出目前H段，该段末句提到，在目前如此一个高失业率的年代，工作场合愈加多地用类人机器人势必会激起反对。原文中的humanoid automatons对应题干中的human—like robots。这样来看，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为H。
53.F
分析：题干意为，管理职员在非常大程度上忽略了机器人，他们把机器人当做工程问题而不是管理问题。注意抓住题干中的重点信息anengineeringinsteadofamanagementproblem和largelyneglectedbyexecutives。
文中第F段对机器人管理问题进行论述，该段首句提到，到了现在，管理职员一直在非常大程度上忽略了机器人，把它们当做工程问题而不是管理问题。这样来看，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为F。
54.J
分析：题干意为，科学家们正在试图使机器人可以参考大家的意愿不断地进行自我调节。注意抓住题干中的重点信息scientists和constantly adjustthemselves。文中提及机器人可以进行自我调节的内容出目前J段，该段第六句提到科学家们正在计算更多复杂的数学公式以使机器人可以根据人类的意愿不断地进行自我调节。这样来看，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为J。
55.I
分析：题干意为，德国失去的生产职位比英国要少的例子表明，机器人可以帮助保留富裕国家的生产职位。注意抓住题干中的重点信息Germany、Britain、fewer manufacturingjobs和help preserve manufacturingjobs。文中对比英德两国制造业职位的内容出目前1段，该段末句提到，企业还需要说明机器人能够帮助保留富裕国家的生产职位：德国之所以没像英国一样丧失这样之多的生产职位，缘由之一就是，在德国每一万名工人所对应的机器人数目是英国的5倍。这样来看，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为I。
以上是新东方在线英语四级频道记者收拾的“2025年6月英语四级阅读理解甄选训练（5）”，期望考生们获得出色的成绩，顺利通过四级考试。
